Which of the following is primarily concerned with verifying accuracy and reliability of measurements?

Calibration is the process that focuses on verifying the accuracy and reliability of measurements. It involves adjusting and testing instruments to ensure they produce results that are consistent with known standards or reference points. This is crucial in forensic analysis, where precise measurements can significantly impact the results of an investigation and the conclusions drawn from the data.

Calibration ensures that the tools and instruments used in a forensic setting are functioning correctly and providing trustworthy data. By establishing a clear relationship between the measurements obtained and the true values, calibration helps to maintain the integrity of the entire analytical process. This practice is essential for upholding quality assurance in scientific and forensic testing, thereby reinforcing the credibility of findings presented in court or other legal contexts.

The other options, while related to assessment and research, do not specifically address the verification of measurement accuracy. Validation typically refers to confirming that a method or procedure correctly measures what it is intended to measure. Population pertains to the group being studied and does not relate to measurement reliability. Study design refers to the overall strategy employed in conducting research but does not emphasize the precision and reliability of measurements themselves.